对于最新稳定版本,请使用 Spring Framework 7.0.6spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

事务操作的切面通知

假设您想运行事务性操作和一些基本的性能分析建议。
<tx:annotation-driven/>的上下文中,如何实现这一点?spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

当您调用updateFoo(Foo)方法时,您希望看到以下操作:spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

本章并不旨在详尽地解释AOP(事务相关的部分除外)。有关AOP配置及AOP的一般性详细内容,请参见AOP章节。

以下代码展示了前面讨论的简单性能监控切面:spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

package x.y;

import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.springframework.util.StopWatch;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;

public class SimpleProfiler implements Ordered {

	private int order;

	// allows us to control the ordering of advice
	public int getOrder() {
		return this.order;
	}

	public void setOrder(int order) {
		this.order = order;
	}

	// this method is the around advice
	public Object profile(ProceedingJoinPoint call) throws Throwable {
		Object returnValue;
		StopWatch clock = new StopWatch(getClass().getName());
		try {
			clock.start(call.toShortString());
			returnValue = call.proceed();
		} finally {
			clock.stop();
			System.out.println(clock.prettyPrint());
		}
		return returnValue;
	}
}
package x.y

import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint
import org.springframework.util.StopWatch
import org.springframework.core.Ordered

class SimpleProfiler : Ordered {

	private var order: Int = 0

	// allows us to control the ordering of advice
	override fun getOrder(): Int {
		return this.order
	}

	fun setOrder(order: Int) {
		this.order = order
	}

	// this method is the around advice
	fun profile(call: ProceedingJoinPoint): Any {
		var returnValue: Any
		val clock = StopWatch(javaClass.name)
		try {
			clock.start(call.toShortString())
			returnValue = call.proceed()
		} finally {
			clock.stop()
			println(clock.prettyPrint())
		}
		return returnValue
	}
}

通知(advice)的执行顺序通过 Ordered 接口进行控制。有关通知排序的完整详情,请参阅 通知排序spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

以下配置创建了一个fooService bean,在期望的顺序中对其应用了性能分析和事务方面:spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
		https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
		https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

	<bean id="fooService" class="x.y.service.DefaultFooService"/>

	<!-- this is the aspect -->
	<bean id="profiler" class="x.y.SimpleProfiler">
		<!-- run before the transactional advice (hence the lower order number) -->
		<property name="order" value="1"/>
	</bean>

	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" order="200"/>

	<aop:config>
			<!-- this advice runs around the transactional advice -->
			<aop:aspect id="profilingAspect" ref="profiler">
				<aop:pointcut id="serviceMethodWithReturnValue"
						expression="execution(!void x.y..*Service.*(..))"/>
				<aop:around method="profile" pointcut-ref="serviceMethodWithReturnValue"/>
			</aop:aspect>
	</aop:config>

	<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
		<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>
		<property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@rj-t42:1521:elvis"/>
		<property name="username" value="scott"/>
		<property name="password" value="tiger"/>
	</bean>

	<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
	</bean>

</beans>

您可以以类似的方式配置任意数量的其他方面。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

以下示例创建了与前两个示例相同的设置,但使用纯XML声明式方法:spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
		https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
		https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

	<bean id="fooService" class="x.y.service.DefaultFooService"/>

	<!-- the profiling advice -->
	<bean id="profiler" class="x.y.SimpleProfiler">
		<!-- run before the transactional advice (hence the lower order number) -->
		<property name="order" value="1"/>
	</bean>

	<aop:config>
		<aop:pointcut id="entryPointMethod" expression="execution(* x.y..*Service.*(..))"/>
		<!-- runs after the profiling advice (cf. the order attribute) -->

		<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="entryPointMethod" order="2"/>
		<!-- order value is higher than the profiling aspect -->

		<aop:aspect id="profilingAspect" ref="profiler">
			<aop:pointcut id="serviceMethodWithReturnValue"
					expression="execution(!void x.y..*Service.*(..))"/>
			<aop:around method="profile" pointcut-ref="serviceMethodWithReturnValue"/>
		</aop:aspect>

	</aop:config>

	<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
			<tx:method name="*"/>
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>

	<!-- other <bean/> definitions such as a DataSource and a TransactionManager here -->

</beans>

上述配置的结果是一个 fooService bean,其按顺序应用了性能分析(profiling)和事务(transactional)切面。如果你希望在方法进入时,性能分析通知在事务通知之后执行,而在方法退出时,性能分析通知在事务通知之前执行,则可以调整性能分析切面 bean 的 order 属性值,使其高于事务通知的 order 值。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

您可以以类似的方式配置其他方面。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn