测试

Spring Cloud Stream 支持在不连接消息系统的情况下测试您的微服务应用。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

Spring 集成测试活页夹

Spring Cloud Stream 自带测试绑定器，你可以用它来测试各种应用组件，无需实际的活生生活页夹实现或消息代理。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

这个测试装订器作为单元测试和集成测试之间的桥梁，基于Spring Integration框架，作为JVM内的消息代理，基本上给你两全其美——一个真正的活计器，无需网络。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

测试活页夹配置

要启用 Spring Integration 测试绑定器，你需要将其作为依赖添加，并用@EnableTestBinder.spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

添加必需的依赖关系spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

以下是Maven必填POM条目的示例。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-stream-test-binder</artifactId>
	<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

或者用来做build.gradle.ktsspring-doc.cadn.net.cn

testImplementation("org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-stream-test-binder")

测试活页夹的使用

现在你可以把微服务当作简单的单元测试来测试。要启用测试文件夹，请为你的类注释@EnableTestBinder.spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

@SpringBootTest
public class SampleStreamTests {

	@Autowired
	private InputDestination input;

	@Autowired
	private OutputDestination output;

	@Test
	public void testEmptyConfiguration() {
		this.input.send(new GenericMessage<byte[]>("hello".getBytes()));
		assertThat(output.receive().getPayload()).isEqualTo("HELLO".getBytes());
	}

	@SpringBootApplication
	@EnableTestBinder
	public static class SampleConfiguration {
		@Bean
		public Function<String, String> uppercase() {
			return v -> v.toUpperCase();
		}
	}
}

如果你需要更多控制，或者想在同一测试套件中测试多个配置，你还可以这样做：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

@EnableAutoConfiguration
public static class MyTestConfiguration {
	@Bean
	public Function<String, String> uppercase() {
			return v -> v.toUpperCase();
	}
}

. . .

@Test
public void sampleTest() {
	try (ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder(
				TestChannelBinderConfiguration.getCompleteConfiguration(
						MyTestConfiguration.class))
				.run("--spring.cloud.function.definition=uppercase")) {
		InputDestination source = context.getBean(InputDestination.class);
		OutputDestination target = context.getBean(OutputDestination.class);
		source.send(new GenericMessage<byte[]>("hello".getBytes()));
		assertThat(target.receive().getPayload()).isEqualTo("HELLO".getBytes());
	}
}

对于你有多个绑定和/或多个输入和输出，或者只是想明确名称你发送或接收的目的地，发送（）和接收（）方法输入目的地和输出目的地被覆盖后，你可以提供输入和输出目的地的名称。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

请考虑以下示例：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

@EnableAutoConfiguration
public static class SampleFunctionConfiguration {

	@Bean
	public Function<String, String> uppercase() {
		return value -> value.toUpperCase();
	}

	@Bean
	public Function<String, String> reverse() {
		return value -> new StringBuilder(value).reverse().toString();
	}
}

以及实际测试spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

@Test
public void testMultipleFunctions() {
	try (ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder(
			TestChannelBinderConfiguration.getCompleteConfiguration(
					SampleFunctionConfiguration.class))
							.run("--spring.cloud.function.definition=uppercase;reverse")) {

		InputDestination inputDestination = context.getBean(InputDestination.class);
		OutputDestination outputDestination = context.getBean(OutputDestination.class);

		Message<byte[]> inputMessage = MessageBuilder.withPayload("Hello".getBytes()).build();
		inputDestination.send(inputMessage, "uppercase-in-0");
		inputDestination.send(inputMessage, "reverse-in-0");

		Message<byte[]> outputMessage = outputDestination.receive(0, "uppercase-out-0");
		assertThat(outputMessage.getPayload()).isEqualTo("HELLO".getBytes());

		outputMessage = outputDestination.receive(0, "reverse-out-0");
		assertThat(outputMessage.getPayload()).isEqualTo("olleH".getBytes());
	}
}

对于你有额外映射属性，比如目的地你应该使用这些名称。例如，考虑一个不同的版本前述测试，我们明确映射输入和输出大写函数我的输入和我的输出绑定名称：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

@Test
public void testMultipleFunctions() {
	try (ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder(
			TestChannelBinderConfiguration.getCompleteConfiguration(
					SampleFunctionConfiguration.class))
							.run(
							"--spring.cloud.function.definition=uppercase;reverse",
							"--spring.cloud.stream.bindings.uppercase-in-0.destination=myInput",
							"--spring.cloud.stream.bindings.uppercase-out-0.destination=myOutput"
							)) {

		InputDestination inputDestination = context.getBean(InputDestination.class);
		OutputDestination outputDestination = context.getBean(OutputDestination.class);

		Message<byte[]> inputMessage = MessageBuilder.withPayload("Hello".getBytes()).build();
		inputDestination.send(inputMessage, "myInput");
		inputDestination.send(inputMessage, "reverse-in-0");

		Message<byte[]> outputMessage = outputDestination.receive(0, "myOutput");
		assertThat(outputMessage.getPayload()).isEqualTo("HELLO".getBytes());

		outputMessage = outputDestination.receive(0, "reverse-out-0");
		assertThat(outputMessage.getPayload()).isEqualTo("olleH".getBytes());
	}
}

测试绑定器和可轮询消息源

Spring Integration Test Binder 还允许你在工作时编写测试可投票消息源（详情请参见[使用民调消费者]）spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

但重要的是要明白，民调不是事件驱动的，而且可投票消息源是一种策略，用于生成（轮询）消息（单数）。你轮询的频率、使用多少线程、从哪里轮询（消息队列还是文件系统）完全由你决定;换句话说，配置轮询器、线程或消息的实际源头是你的责任。幸运的是，Spring 有大量抽象功能可以配置这些。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

让我们来看这个例子：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

@Test
public void samplePollingTest() {
	ApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder(SamplePolledConfiguration.class)
				.web(WebApplicationType.NONE)
				.run("--spring.jmx.enabled=false", "--spring.cloud.stream.pollable-source=myDestination");
	OutputDestination destination = context.getBean(OutputDestination.class);
	System.out.println("Message 1: " + new String(destination.receive().getPayload()));
	System.out.println("Message 2: " + new String(destination.receive().getPayload()));
	System.out.println("Message 3: " + new String(destination.receive().getPayload()));
}

@EnableTestBinder
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public static class SamplePolledConfiguration {
	@Bean
	public ApplicationRunner poller(PollableMessageSource polledMessageSource, StreamBridge output, TaskExecutor taskScheduler) {
		return args -> {
			taskScheduler.execute(() -> {
				for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
					try {
						if (!polledMessageSource.poll(m -> {
							String newPayload = ((String) m.getPayload()).toUpperCase();
							output.send("myOutput", newPayload);
						})) {
							Thread.sleep(2000);
						}
					}
					catch (Exception e) {
						// handle failure
					}
				}
			});
		};
	}
}

上述（非常基础的）示例将生成3条消息，每隔2秒，发送到输出目的地源该活页夹发送给输出目的地我们获取它们（用于任何断言）。目前，它打印如下内容：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

Message 1: POLLED DATA
Message 2: POLLED DATA
Message 3: POLLED DATA

如你所见，数据是相同的。这是因为这个绑订器定义了实际的默认实现消息源- 源消息从中轮询，使用poll（）操作。虽然这对大多数测试场景来说已经足够了，但有些情况下你可能想自己定义消息源. 只需配置一个类型的豆子消息源在你的测试配置中，提供你自己的消息源源实现。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

以下是示例：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

@Bean
public MessageSource<?> source() {
	return () -> new GenericMessage<>("My Own Data " + UUID.randomUUID());
}

输出如下;spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

Message 1: MY OWN DATA 1C180A91-E79F-494F-ABF4-BA3F993710DA
Message 2: MY OWN DATA D8F3A477-5547-41B4-9434-E69DA7616FEE
Message 3: MY OWN DATA 20BF2E64-7FF4-4CB6-A823-4053D30B5C74

千万别给这颗豆子起名字消息来源因为它将与同名（不同类型）的豆子发生冲突由Spring Boot提供，原因无关。