对于最新的稳定版本，请使用 Spring Security 6.5.3！spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

安全 HTTP 响应标头

您可以使用安全 HTTP 响应标头来提高 Web 应用程序的安全性。 本节专门介绍基于 WebFlux 的安全 HTTP 响应标头支持。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

默认安全标头

Spring Security 提供了一组默认的安全 HTTP 响应标头来提供安全的默认值。 虽然这些标头中的每一个都被认为是最佳实践，但应该注意的是，并非所有客户端都使用标头，因此鼓励进行额外的测试。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

您可以自定义特定标题。 例如，假设您想要默认值，但希望指定SAMEORIGIN为X-Frame-Options.spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

您可以使用以下配置来执行此作：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

自定义默认安全标头
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.frameOptions(frameOptions -> frameOptions
				.mode(Mode.SAMEORIGIN)
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            frameOptions {
                mode = Mode.SAMEORIGIN
            }
        }
    }
}

如果您不希望添加默认值并希望显式控制应该使用的内容，您可以禁用默认值：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

禁用 HTTP 安全响应标头
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers.disable());
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            disable()
        }
    }
}

缓存控制

默认情况下，Spring Security 包括缓存控制标头。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

但是，如果您确实想要缓存特定响应，您的应用程序可以有选择地将它们添加到ServerHttpResponse以覆盖 Spring Security 设置的标头。 这对于确保正确缓存 CSS、JavaScript 和图像等内容非常有用。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

使用 Spring WebFlux 时，您通常会在配置中执行此作。 您可以在 Spring 参考文档的静态资源部分找到有关如何执行此作的详细信息。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

如有必要，您还可以禁用 Spring Security 的缓存控制 HTTP 响应标头。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

缓存控制已禁用
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.cache(cache -> cache.disable())
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            cache {
                disable()
            }
        }
    }
}

内容类型选项

默认情况下，Spring Security 包括 Content-Type 标头。 但是，您可以禁用它：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

内容类型选项已禁用
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.contentTypeOptions(contentTypeOptions -> contentTypeOptions.disable())
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            contentTypeOptions {
                disable()
            }
        }
    }
}

HTTP 严格传输安全 （HSTS）

默认情况下，Spring Security 提供 Strict Transport Security 标头。 但是，您可以显式自定义结果。 例如，以下示例显式提供 HSTS：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

严格的运输安全
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.hsts(hsts -> hsts
				.includeSubdomains(true)
				.preload(true)
				.maxAge(Duration.ofDays(365))
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            hsts {
                includeSubdomains = true
                preload = true
                maxAge = Duration.ofDays(365)
            }
        }
    }
}

X-Frame-选项

默认情况下，Spring Security 使用X-Frame-Options.spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

您可以自定义帧选项以使用相同的原点：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

X-Frame-Options：相同起源
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.frameOptions(frameOptions -> frameOptions
				.mode(SAMEORIGIN)
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            frameOptions {
                mode = SAMEORIGIN
            }
        }
    }
}

X-XSS保护

默认情况下，Spring Security 指示浏览器使用 <<headers-xss-protection，X-XSS-Protection header> 禁用 XSS Auditor。 您可以禁用X-XSS-Protection标头完全：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

X-XSS-Protection 定制
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.xssProtection(xssProtection -> xssProtection.disable())
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            xssProtection {
                disable()
            }
        }
    }
}

您还可以更改标头值：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

X-XSS-Protection 显式标头值
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.xssProtection(xssProtection -> xssProtection.headerValue(XXssProtectionServerHttpHeadersWriter.HeaderValue.ENABLED_MODE_BLOCK))
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            xssProtection {
                headerValue = XXssProtectionServerHttpHeadersWriter.HeaderValue.ENABLED_MODE_BLOCK
            }
        }
    }
}

内容安全策略 （CSP）

默认情况下，Spring Security 不会添加内容安全策略，因为如果没有应用程序的上下文，就不可能知道合理的默认值。 Web 应用程序作者必须声明安全策略以强制执行和/或监视受保护的资源。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

例如，请考虑以下安全策略：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

内容安全策略示例
Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/

根据上述策略，可以启用 CSP 标头：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

内容安全策略
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.contentSecurityPolicy(policy -> policy
				.policyDirectives("script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/")
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            contentSecurityPolicy {
                policyDirectives = "script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/"
            }
        }
    }
}

启用 CSPreport-onlyheader，提供以下配置：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

仅内容安全策略报告
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.contentSecurityPolicy(policy -> policy
				.policyDirectives("script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/")
				.reportOnly()
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            contentSecurityPolicy {
                policyDirectives = "script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/"
                reportOnly = true
            }
        }
    }
}

推荐人政策

Spring Security 默认情况下使用no-referrer. 您可以使用配置更改 Referrer Policy 标头，如下所示：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

Referrer 策略配置
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.referrerPolicy(referrer -> referrer
				.policy(ReferrerPolicy.SAME_ORIGIN)
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            referrerPolicy {
                policy = ReferrerPolicy.SAME_ORIGIN
            }
        }
    }
}

功能策略

默认情况下，Spring Security 不添加 Feature Policy 标头。 考虑以下几点Feature-Policy页眉：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

功能策略示例
Feature-Policy: geolocation 'self'

可以启用前面的功能策略标头：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

功能策略配置
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.featurePolicy("geolocation 'self'")
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            featurePolicy("geolocation 'self'")
        }
    }
}

权限策略

默认情况下，Spring Security 不会添加权限策略标头。 考虑以下几点Permissions-Policy页眉：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

权限策略示例
Permissions-Policy: geolocation=(self)

可以启用前面的权限策略标头：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

权限-策略配置
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.permissionsPolicy(permissions -> permissions
				.policy("geolocation=(self)")
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            permissionsPolicy {
                policy = "geolocation=(self)"
            }
        }
    }
}

清除站点数据

默认情况下，Spring Security 不添加 Clear-Site-Data 标头。 考虑以下几点Clear-Site-Data页眉：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

清除站点数据示例
Clear-Site-Data: "cache", "cookies"

您可以发送Clear-Site-Data注销时的标头：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

清除站点数据配置
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	ServerLogoutHandler securityContext = new SecurityContextServerLogoutHandler();
	ClearSiteDataServerHttpHeadersWriter writer = new ClearSiteDataServerHttpHeadersWriter(CACHE, COOKIES);
	ServerLogoutHandler clearSiteData = new HeaderWriterServerLogoutHandler(writer);
	DelegatingServerLogoutHandler logoutHandler = new DelegatingServerLogoutHandler(securityContext, clearSiteData);

	http
		// ...
		.logout()
			.logoutHandler(logoutHandler);
	return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    val securityContext: ServerLogoutHandler = SecurityContextServerLogoutHandler()
    val writer = ClearSiteDataServerHttpHeadersWriter(CACHE, COOKIES)
    val clearSiteData: ServerLogoutHandler = HeaderWriterServerLogoutHandler(writer)
    val customLogoutHandler = DelegatingServerLogoutHandler(securityContext, clearSiteData)

    return http {
        // ...
        logout {
            logoutHandler = customLogoutHandler
        }
    }
}